diff --git a/astrbot/core/core_lifecycle.py b/astrbot/core/core_lifecycle.py
index fe6b1c351d..ff5a7e7314 100644
--- a/astrbot/core/core_lifecycle.py
+++ b/astrbot/core/core_lifecycle.py
@@ -97,7 +97,11 @@ async def _init_or_reload_subagent_orchestrator(self) -> None:
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"Subagent orchestrator init failed: {e}", exc_info=True)
 
-    async def initialize(self) -> None:
+    async def initialize(
+        self,
+        *,
+        mcp_init_timeout: float | int | str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
         """初始化 AstrBot 核心生命周期管理类.
 
         负责初始化各个组件, 包括 ProviderManager、PlatformManager、ConversationManager、PluginManager、PipelineScheduler、EventBus、AstrBotUpdator等。
@@ -201,7 +205,7 @@ async def initialize(self) -> None:
         await self.plugin_manager.reload()
 
         # 根据配置实例化各个 Provider
-        await self.provider_manager.initialize()
+        await self.provider_manager.initialize(init_timeout=mcp_init_timeout)
 
         await self.kb_manager.initialize()
 
diff --git a/astrbot/core/provider/func_tool_manager.py b/astrbot/core/provider/func_tool_manager.py
index 22e9a0766c..4239a8b470 100644
--- a/astrbot/core/provider/func_tool_manager.py
+++ b/astrbot/core/provider/func_tool_manager.py
@@ -347,7 +347,10 @@ def _log_safe_mcp_debug_config(cfg: dict) -> None:
             logger.debug(f"  主机: {scheme}://{host}{port}")
 
     async def init_mcp_clients(
-        self, raise_on_all_failed: bool = False
+        self,
+        raise_on_all_failed: bool = False,
+        *,
+        init_timeout: float | int | str | None = None,
     ) -> MCPInitSummary:
         """从项目根目录读取 mcp_server.json 文件，初始化 MCP 服务列表。文件格式如下：
         ```
@@ -368,6 +371,7 @@ async def init_mcp_clients(
         ```
 
         Timeout behavior:
+        - 显式 `init_timeout` 参数优先（用于测试或调用方覆盖）。
         - 初始化超时使用环境变量 ASTRBOT_MCP_INIT_TIMEOUT 或默认值。
         - 动态启用超时使用 ASTRBOT_MCP_ENABLE_TIMEOUT（独立于初始化超时）。
         """
@@ -393,8 +397,12 @@ async def init_mcp_clients(
             "mcpServers"
         ]
 
-        init_timeout = self._init_timeout_default
-        timeout_display = f"{init_timeout:g}"
+        init_timeout_value = _resolve_timeout(
+            timeout=init_timeout,
+            env_name=MCP_INIT_TIMEOUT_ENV,
+            default=self._init_timeout_default,
+        )
+        timeout_display = f"{init_timeout_value:g}"
 
         active_configs: list[tuple[str, dict, asyncio.Event]] = []
         for name, cfg in mcp_server_json_obj.items():
@@ -413,7 +421,7 @@ async def init_mcp_clients(
                     name=name,
                     cfg=cfg,
                     shutdown_event=shutdown_event,
-                    timeout=init_timeout,
+                    timeout_seconds=init_timeout_value,
                 ),
                 name=f"mcp-init:{name}",
             )
diff --git a/astrbot/core/provider/manager.py b/astrbot/core/provider/manager.py
index ef89027e8b..ccdb1f36b3 100644
--- a/astrbot/core/provider/manager.py
+++ b/astrbot/core/provider/manager.py
@@ -269,7 +269,11 @@ def get_using_provider(
 
         return provider
 
-    async def initialize(self) -> None:
+    async def initialize(
+        self,
+        *,
+        init_timeout: float | int | str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
         # 逐个初始化提供商
         for provider_config in self.providers_config:
             try:
@@ -338,7 +342,8 @@ async def initialize(self) -> None:
             "on",
         }
         mcp_init_summary = await self.llm_tools.init_mcp_clients(
-            raise_on_all_failed=strict_mcp_init
+            raise_on_all_failed=strict_mcp_init,
+            init_timeout=init_timeout,
         )
         if (
             mcp_init_summary.total > 0
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_core_lifecycle.py b/tests/unit/test_core_lifecycle.py
index fc8300bf96..52cac816aa 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_core_lifecycle.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_core_lifecycle.py
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ async def test_initialize_sets_up_all_components(
                 new_callable=AsyncMock,
             ),
         ):
-            await lifecycle.initialize()
+            await lifecycle.initialize(mcp_init_timeout=3.5)
 
         # Verify database initialized
         mock_db.initialize.assert_awaited_once()
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ async def test_initialize_sets_up_all_components(
         mock_persona_mgr.initialize.assert_awaited_once()
 
         # Verify provider manager initialized
-        mock_provider_manager.initialize.assert_awaited_once()
+        mock_provider_manager.initialize.assert_awaited_once_with(init_timeout=3.5)
 
         # Verify platform manager initialized
         mock_platform_manager.initialize.assert_awaited_once()
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_func_tool_manager.py b/tests/unit/test_func_tool_manager.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8151416c28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/test_func_tool_manager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import json
+
+import pytest
+
+from astrbot.core.provider import func_tool_manager
+from astrbot.core.provider.func_tool_manager import FunctionToolManager
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mcp_init_harness(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path,
+):
+    manager = FunctionToolManager()
+    data_dir = tmp_path / "data"
+    data_dir.mkdir()
+
+    (data_dir / "mcp_server.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps({"mcpServers": {"demo": {"active": True}}}),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        func_tool_manager,
+        "get_astrbot_data_path",
+        lambda: data_dir,
+    )
+
+    called = {}
+
+    async def fake_start_mcp_server(*, name, cfg, shutdown_event, timeout_seconds):
+        called[name] = {
+            "cfg": cfg,
+            "shutdown_event_type": type(shutdown_event).__name__,
+            "timeout_seconds": timeout_seconds,
+        }
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(manager, "_start_mcp_server", fake_start_mcp_server)
+    return manager, called
+
+
+def assert_demo_init_result(summary, called, *, timeout_seconds: float) -> None:
+    assert summary.total == 1
+    assert summary.success == 1
+    assert summary.failed == []
+    assert called["demo"]["cfg"] == {"active": True}
+    assert called["demo"]["shutdown_event_type"] == "Event"
+    assert called["demo"]["timeout_seconds"] == timeout_seconds
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_init_mcp_clients_passes_timeout_seconds_keyword(mcp_init_harness):
+    manager, called = mcp_init_harness
+
+    summary = await manager.init_mcp_clients()
+
+    assert_demo_init_result(
+        summary,
+        called,
+        timeout_seconds=manager._init_timeout_default,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_init_mcp_clients_passes_overridden_init_timeout(
+    mcp_init_harness,
+):
+    manager, called = mcp_init_harness
+
+    summary = await manager.init_mcp_clients(init_timeout=3.5)
+
+    assert_demo_init_result(summary, called, timeout_seconds=3.5)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_init_mcp_clients_reads_env_timeout_when_not_overridden(
+    mcp_init_harness,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+):
+    manager, called = mcp_init_harness
+    manager._init_timeout_default = 20.0  # ensure env override is observable
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ASTRBOT_MCP_INIT_TIMEOUT", "3.5")
+
+    summary = await manager.init_mcp_clients()
+
+    assert_demo_init_result(summary, called, timeout_seconds=3.5)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_init_mcp_clients_prefers_explicit_timeout_over_env(
+    mcp_init_harness,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+):
+    manager, called = mcp_init_harness
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ASTRBOT_MCP_INIT_TIMEOUT", "7.0")
+
+    summary = await manager.init_mcp_clients(init_timeout=3.5)
+
+    assert_demo_init_result(summary, called, timeout_seconds=3.5)