diff --git a/src/__tests__/CodexACPAgent/collab-agent-events.test.ts b/src/__tests__/CodexACPAgent/collab-agent-events.test.ts
index 95ea2f99..3777671a 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/CodexACPAgent/collab-agent-events.test.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/CodexACPAgent/collab-agent-events.test.ts
@@ -1023,6 +1023,87 @@ describe("CodexEventHandler - collab agent tool call events", () => {
         expect(terminal?.args[0].update.state).toBe("cancelled");
     });
 
+    it("announces an unannounced spawn so its output is not lost", async () => {
+        // Codex names the subagents it defines, but an ad-hoc `spawn_agent`
+        // produces no activity item at all. The spawn's own completion is the
+        // last moment before the child starts talking, so it is what announces.
+        await initializeNativeSubagents();
+        const notifications: ServerNotification[] = [
+            {
+                method: "item/completed",
+                params: {
+                    threadId: sessionId,
+                    turnId: "turn-1",
+                    completedAtMs: 0,
+                    item: {
+                        type: "collabAgentToolCall",
+                        id: "call-spawn-adhoc",
+                        tool: "spawnAgent",
+                        status: "completed",
+                        senderThreadId: sessionId,
+                        receiverThreadIds: ["thread-adhoc"],
+                        prompt: "Trace the data flow.",
+                        model: null,
+                        reasoningEffort: null,
+                        agentsStates: {
+                            "thread-adhoc": {status: "pendingInit", message: null},
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            {
+                method: "item/started",
+                params: {
+                    threadId: "thread-adhoc",
+                    turnId: "turn-child",
+                    startedAtMs: 0,
+                    item: {
+                        type: "commandExecution",
+                        id: "child-command",
+                        pluginId: null,
+                        scriptPath: null,
+                        command: "rg --files",
+                        cwd: "/test/project",
+                        processId: null,
+                        source: "agent",
+                        status: "inProgress",
+                        commandActions: [],
+                        aggregatedOutput: null,
+                        exitCode: null,
+                        durationMs: null,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        ];
+
+        await setupPromptAndSendNotifications(mockFixture, sessionId, sessionState, notifications);
+
+        const updates = mockFixture.getAcpConnectionEvents([])
+            .filter(event => event.method === "sessionUpdate")
+            .map(event => event.args[0]);
+        // Announced against the parent, under the fallback identity, carrying
+        // the spawn prompt as the task.
+        expect(updates).toContainEqual({
+            sessionId,
+            update: {
+                sessionUpdate: "subagent_spawned",
+                subagentSessionId: "thread-adhoc",
+                name: "Agent ad-adhoc",
+                task: "Trace the data flow.",
+                capabilities: {},
+            },
+        });
+        // The work it does belongs to the child's session, not the thread's.
+        expect(updates.filter(update => update.sessionId === "thread-adhoc"))
+            .toContainEqual(expect.objectContaining({
+                update: expect.objectContaining({sessionUpdate: "tool_call"}),
+            }));
+        // And the spawn itself never appears in the thread as a bare tool call.
+        expect(updates.filter(update => update.sessionId === sessionId)
+            .map(update => update.update.sessionUpdate))
+            .not.toContain("tool_call");
+    });
+
     it("waits for a pending spawn without publishing fallback identity and suppresses late activity", async () => {
         await initializeNativeSubagents();
         const appServer = mockFixture.getCodexAppServerClient();
diff --git a/src/subagents/CodexSubagentEventRouter.ts b/src/subagents/CodexSubagentEventRouter.ts
index 8d232f12..dd1b8381 100644
--- a/src/subagents/CodexSubagentEventRouter.ts
+++ b/src/subagents/CodexSubagentEventRouter.ts
@@ -153,6 +153,22 @@ export class CodexSubagentEventRouter {
             }
         }
 
+        // Waiting for an activity item to name the child only works for
+        // subagents Codex names; an ad-hoc `spawn_agent` is never announced, so
+        // the child talks into a buffer that fills and drops its oldest updates
+        // while the client never learns it existed. A completed spawn is Codex
+        // confirming the child, and lands before any of its output. An activity
+        // item that does arrive first still wins: materializing twice is a no-op.
+        if (item.tool === "spawnAgent" && notification.method === "item/completed") {
+            for (const childSessionId of item.receiverThreadIds) {
+                if (!this.pendingSpawns.has(childSessionId)) continue;
+                const state = item.agentsStates[childSessionId];
+                if (state && terminalStateOf(state.status) !== undefined) continue;
+                logger.log(`Announcing spawned subagent ${childSessionId} from its spawn; Codex named no agent path`);
+                await this.materialize(childSessionId);
+            }
+        }
+
         for (const [childSessionId, state] of Object.entries(item.agentsStates)) {
             const terminalState = state && terminalStateOf(state.status);
             if (!terminalState) continue;
@@ -305,11 +321,22 @@ export class CodexSubagentEventRouter {
             : [];
     }
 
-    private async materialize(childSessionId: string, path: string): Promise<void> {
+    /**
+     * Announces a child as a native subagent session. `path` is Codex's agent
+     * path, which names the subagent and locates it in the tree; a spawn that
+     * was never announced by an activity item has none, and is announced under
+     * the fallback identity against the parent recorded when it was spawned.
+     */
+    private async materialize(childSessionId: string, path?: string): Promise<void> {
         if (this.children.has(childSessionId)) return;
         const pending = this.pendingSpawns.get(childSessionId);
-        const name = nameFromAgentPath(path, fallbackName(childSessionId));
-        const inferredParent = this.parentForPath(path);
+        if (path === undefined && !pending) return;
+        const name = path === undefined
+            ? fallbackName(childSessionId)
+            : nameFromAgentPath(path, fallbackName(childSessionId));
+        const inferredParent = path === undefined
+            ? {threadId: this.rootSessionId, sessionId: this.rootSessionId}
+            : this.parentForPath(path);
         const parentThreadId = pending?.parentThreadId ?? inferredParent.threadId;
         const parentSessionId = pending?.parentSessionId ?? inferredParent.sessionId;
         const task = pending?.task ?? `Delegated task for ${name}`;
@@ -326,7 +353,7 @@ export class CodexSubagentEventRouter {
             sessionId: childSessionId,
             name,
             task,
-            path: normalizeAgentPath(path),
+            ...(path === undefined ? {} : {path: normalizeAgentPath(path)}),
             generation: 1,
         });
         this.pendingSpawns.delete(childSessionId);