diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 24f6f83..52d4a5e 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ formatting and comments — plus the checks a change is expected to pass.
 
 ## Building
 
-* minSdk 26, compileSdk/targetSdk 37, Java 11 source/target level.
+* minSdk 23, compileSdk/targetSdk 37, Java 11 source/target level.
 * `./gradlew :storage:assembleDebug :storage-compose:assembleDebug` builds the libraries.
 * `:storage` and `:storage-compose` compile with `-Xexplicit-api=strict`, so every public
   declaration needs an explicit visibility modifier and an explicit return type. Test sources are
diff --git a/MIGRATION.md b/MIGRATION.md
index c4d507d..e628971 100644
--- a/MIGRATION.md
+++ b/MIGRATION.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Platform changes:
 
 | | 2.x | 3.0 |
 |---|---|---|
-| minSdk | 23 | **26** |
+| minSdk | 23 | 23 — 3.0.x required **26**, lowered back to 23 in **3.1.0** |
 | compileSdk / targetSdk | 36 | **37** (Android 17) |
 | AGP / Gradle (to build this repo) | 8.13 / 8.14 | 9.2 / 9.4 |
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2dfc432..886efb0 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Version `3.0.0` introduces a redesigned API: one [`StorageFile`](storage/src/mai
 abstraction over `DocumentFile`/`MediaFile`/`java.io.File`, one-shot suspend operations
 (`copyTo`, `moveTo`, `zipTo`, `unzipTo`) with a unified `TransferResult`, suspend-lambda conflict
 resolution, and [`StorageAccessManager`](storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/access/StorageAccessManager.kt)
-replacing `SimpleStorageHelper`. It requires **minSdk 26** and is compiled against **API 37
+replacing `SimpleStorageHelper`. It requires **minSdk 23** and is compiled against **API 37
 (Android 17)**; all operations need Kotlin coroutines.
 
 The 2.x API keeps working during the 3.x cycle, but 2.x is closed for maintenance: no bugfix
diff --git a/sample/build.gradle.kts b/sample/build.gradle.kts
index 92fea0c..d81f99b 100644
--- a/sample/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/sample/build.gradle.kts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ android {
 
   defaultConfig {
     applicationId = "com.anggrayudi.storage.sample"
-    minSdk = 26
+    minSdk = 23
     targetSdk = 37
     versionCode = 1
     versionName = rootProject.extra["VERSION_NAME"] as String
diff --git a/storage-compose/build.gradle.kts b/storage-compose/build.gradle.kts
index 48fe0e1..9a15b19 100644
--- a/storage-compose/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/storage-compose/build.gradle.kts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ android {
   resourcePrefix = "ss_"
 
   defaultConfig {
-    minSdk = 26
+    minSdk = 23
     consumerProguardFiles("consumer-rules.pro")
   }
 
diff --git a/storage-compose/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/compose/SimpleStorageCompose.kt b/storage-compose/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/compose/SimpleStorageCompose.kt
index cef25e7..158e24c 100644
--- a/storage-compose/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/compose/SimpleStorageCompose.kt
+++ b/storage-compose/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/compose/SimpleStorageCompose.kt
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ internal data class StorageAccessDialogData(
 public fun rememberLauncherForStorageAccess(
   expectedStorageType: StorageType = StorageType.UNKNOWN,
   expectedBasePath: String = "",
+  /** It only takes effect on API 26+ */
   initialPath: FileFullPath? = null,
   onStorageAccessGranted: (root: DocumentFile) -> Unit,
 ): StorageAccessLauncher {
@@ -350,6 +351,7 @@ internal constructor(
 @Composable
 public fun rememberLauncherForFilePicker(
   allowMultiple: Boolean = false,
+  /** It only takes effect on API 26+ */
   initialPath: FileFullPath? = null,
   filterMimeTypes: Set<String> = emptySet(),
   onFilesPicked: (files: List<DocumentFile>) -> Unit,
@@ -411,6 +413,7 @@ internal constructor(
 public fun rememberLauncherForFileCreation(
   mimeType: String,
   fileName: String? = null,
+  /** It only takes effect on API 26+ */
   initialPath: FileFullPath? = null,
   onFileCreated: (file: DocumentFile) -> Unit,
 ): FileCreationLauncher {
@@ -468,6 +471,7 @@ internal constructor(
 
 @Composable
 public fun rememberLauncherForFolderPicker(
+  /** It only takes effect on API 26+ */
   initialPath: FileFullPath? = null,
   onFolderPicked: (folder: DocumentFile) -> Unit,
 ): FolderPickerLauncher {
diff --git a/storage/build.gradle.kts b/storage/build.gradle.kts
index 0ddfbcd..6811c84 100644
--- a/storage/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/storage/build.gradle.kts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ android {
   resourcePrefix = "ss_"
 
   defaultConfig {
-    minSdk = 26
+    minSdk = 23
     consumerProguardFiles("consumer-rules.pro")
     testInstrumentationRunner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
   }
diff --git a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/SimpleStorage.kt b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/SimpleStorage.kt
index 90d514b..e6691ed 100644
--- a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/SimpleStorage.kt
+++ b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/SimpleStorage.kt
@@ -192,7 +192,11 @@ public class SimpleStorage private constructor(private val wrapper: ComponentWra
     context.startActivity(Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION))
   }
 
-  /** Show interactive UI to create a file. */
+  /**
+   * Show interactive UI to create a file.
+   *
+   * @param initialPath only takes effect on API 26+
+   */
   @Deprecated(
     "This function doesn't follow Google's latest method, because it still uses startActivityForResult() manually.",
     ReplaceWith("FileCreationContract() with ActivityResultLauncher"),
@@ -222,6 +226,7 @@ public class SimpleStorage private constructor(private val wrapper: ComponentWra
       createFileCallback?.onActivityHandlerNotFound(requestCode, intent)
   }
 
+  /** @param initialPath only works for API 26+ */
   @Deprecated(
     "This function doesn't follow Google's latest method, because it still uses startActivityForResult() manually.",
     ReplaceWith("OpenFolderPickerContract() with ActivityResultLauncher"),
@@ -258,6 +263,7 @@ public class SimpleStorage private constructor(private val wrapper: ComponentWra
 
   private var lastVisitedFolder: File = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
 
+  /** @param initialPath only takes effect on API 26+ */
   @Deprecated(
     "This function doesn't follow Google's latest method, because it still uses startActivityForResult() manually.",
     ReplaceWith("OpenFilePickerContract() with ActivityResultLauncher"),
diff --git a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/access/StorageAccessManager.kt b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/access/StorageAccessManager.kt
index 510ffc2..148c28d 100644
--- a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/access/StorageAccessManager.kt
+++ b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/access/StorageAccessManager.kt
@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ public class StorageAccessManager(activity: ComponentActivity) {
    *    and returns [BookmarkResult.Granted] with an **updated** bookmark to persist.
    * 3. Nothing matches → [BookmarkResult.VolumeNotMounted].
    */
+  @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
   public suspend fun resolveBookmark(
     bookmark: VolumeBookmark,
     requiresWriteAccess: Boolean = true,
@@ -325,6 +326,7 @@ public class StorageAccessManager(activity: ComponentActivity) {
    * Builds a [VolumeBookmark] for [folder] so it can be re-resolved later with [resolveBookmark].
    * Returns `null` when the folder has no resolvable [StorageFile.path].
    */
+  @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
   public fun createBookmark(folder: StorageFile): VolumeBookmark? {
     val path = folder.path ?: return null
     val label =
diff --git a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/contract/SimpleStorageResultContracts.kt b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/contract/SimpleStorageResultContracts.kt
index d012372..0c3423e 100644
--- a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/contract/SimpleStorageResultContracts.kt
+++ b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/contract/SimpleStorageResultContracts.kt
@@ -14,14 +14,10 @@ import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContract
 import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions.Companion.ACTION_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS
 import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions.Companion.EXTRA_PERMISSIONS
 import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions.Companion.EXTRA_PERMISSION_GRANT_RESULTS
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import androidx.documentfile.provider.DocumentFile
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.EmptyActivity
-import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.cleanupRedundantUriPermissions
-import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.externalStoragePath
-import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.getDefaultExternalStorageIntent
-import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.hasStoragePermission
-import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.isSdCardPresent
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.callback.StorageAccessCallback
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.extension.fromSingleUri
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.extension.fromTreeUri
@@ -30,6 +26,11 @@ import com.anggrayudi.storage.extension.isDocumentsDocument
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.extension.isDownloadsDocument
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.extension.isExternalStorageDocument
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat
+import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.cleanupRedundantUriPermissions
+import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.externalStoragePath
+import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.getDefaultExternalStorageIntent
+import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.hasStoragePermission
+import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.DocumentFileCompat.isSdCardPresent
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.FileFullPath
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.MimeType
 import com.anggrayudi.storage.file.PublicDirectory
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ internal fun getExternalStorageRootAccessIntent(context: Context): Intent =
  * != External Storage.
  */
 @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
 internal fun getSdCardRootAccessIntent(context: Context): Intent {
   val sm = context.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE) as StorageManager
   return sm.storageVolumes
@@ -87,8 +89,10 @@ internal fun getSdCardRootAccessIntent(context: Context): Intent {
 }
 
 internal fun addInitialPathToIntent(context: Context, intent: Intent, initialPath: FileFullPath?) {
-  initialPath?.toDocumentUri(context)?.let {
-    intent.putExtra(DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI, it)
+  if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
+    initialPath?.toDocumentUri(context)?.let {
+      intent.putExtra(DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI, it)
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -156,7 +160,8 @@ public class OpenFolderPickerContract(context: Context) :
         it == DocumentFileCompat.DOWNLOADS_TREE_URI || it == DocumentFileCompat.DOCUMENTS_TREE_URI
       } ||
         DocumentFileCompat.isRootUri(uri) &&
-          Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.Q &&
+          (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.N && storageType == StorageType.SD_CARD ||
+            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) &&
           !DocumentFileCompat.isStorageUriPermissionGranted(appContext, storageId)
     ) {
       saveUriPermission(appContext, uri)
@@ -177,6 +182,7 @@ public class OpenFolderPickerContract(context: Context) :
   public class Options
   @JvmOverloads
   constructor(
+    /** It only takes effect on API 26+ */
     public val initialPath: FileFullPath? = null
   )
 }
@@ -217,6 +223,7 @@ public class OpenFilePickerContract(context: Context) :
   @JvmOverloads
   constructor(
     public val allowMultiple: Boolean = false,
+    /** It only takes effect on API 26+ */
     public val initialPath: FileFullPath? = null,
     public val filterMimeTypes: Set<String> = emptySet(),
   )
@@ -289,10 +296,9 @@ public class StoragePermissionContract() :
     input: Unit,
   ): SynchronousResult<Map<String, @JvmSuppressWildcards Boolean>>? {
     val permissions = getPermissions()
-    val allGranted =
-      permissions.all { permission ->
-        ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
-      }
+    val allGranted = permissions.all { permission ->
+      ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
+    }
     return if (allGranted) {
       SynchronousResult(permissions.associateWith { true })
     } else null
@@ -332,6 +338,7 @@ public class RequestStorageAccessContract(
   public class Options
   @JvmOverloads
   constructor(
+    /** It only takes effect on API 26+ */
     public val initialPath: FileFullPath? = null
   )
 
@@ -363,7 +370,9 @@ public class RequestStorageAccessContract(
       getExternalStorageRootAccessIntent(context).also {
         addInitialPathToIntent(context, it, input.initialPath)
       }
-    } else if (expectedStorageType == StorageType.SD_CARD) {
+    } else if (
+      Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N && expectedStorageType == StorageType.SD_CARD
+    ) {
       getSdCardRootAccessIntent(context)
     } else {
       getExternalStorageRootAccessIntent(context)
@@ -470,7 +479,10 @@ public class RequestStorageAccessContract(
         )
       } else {
         var sdCardIntent: Intent? = null
-        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
+        if (
+          Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N &&
+            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q
+        ) {
           val sm = appContext.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE) as StorageManager
           @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
           sdCardIntent = sm.storageVolumes.firstOrNull { !it.isPrimary }?.createAccessIntent(null)
diff --git a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/DocumentFileCompat.kt b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/DocumentFileCompat.kt
index 489f3cb..e90caf6 100644
--- a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/DocumentFileCompat.kt
+++ b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/DocumentFileCompat.kt
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import android.os.StatFs
 import android.os.storage.StorageManager
 import android.provider.DocumentsContract
 import android.system.Os
+import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
 import androidx.annotation.RestrictTo
 import androidx.annotation.WorkerThread
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ public object DocumentFileCompat {
    * format. This is the authoritative check; [SD_CARD_STORAGE_ID_REGEX] is only a fallback for when
    * the volume list cannot be consulted.
    */
+  @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
   @JvmStatic
   public fun isMountedVolumeId(context: Context, storageId: String): Boolean {
     if (storageId.isEmpty()) return false
@@ -593,11 +595,14 @@ public object DocumentFileCompat {
   /** Intent that opens the SAF folder picker at the primary volume. */
   @JvmStatic
   public fun getDefaultExternalStorageIntent(context: Context): Intent {
-    return Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE)
-      .putExtra(
-        DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI,
-        context.fromTreeUri(createDocumentUri(PRIMARY))?.uri,
-      )
+    return Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE).apply {
+      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
+        putExtra(
+          DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI,
+          context.fromTreeUri(createDocumentUri(PRIMARY))?.uri,
+        )
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   /** Runtime read and write permission. Only meaningful on API 26–29. */
@@ -692,9 +697,13 @@ public object DocumentFileCompat {
     // cards but not on every removable volume, so a mounted, granted OTG drive was invisible here.
     val storageManager = context.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE) as StorageManager
     val mountedVolumes =
-      storageManager.storageVolumes
-        .filter { it.state == Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED }
-        .mapNotNull { if (it.isPrimary) PRIMARY else it.uuid }
+      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
+        storageManager.storageVolumes
+          .filter { it.state == Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED }
+          .mapNotNull { if (it.isPrimary) PRIMARY else it.uuid }
+      } else {
+        emptyList()
+      }
     val persistedStorageIds =
       context.contentResolver.persistedUriPermissions
         .filter { it.isReadPermission && it.isWritePermission && it.uri.isExternalStorageDocument }
@@ -732,7 +741,8 @@ public object DocumentFileCompat {
               "${Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()}/$rootFolder".trimEnd('/')
             )
           } else if (
-            isMountedVolumeId(context, storageId) || storageId.matches(SD_CARD_STORAGE_ID_REGEX)
+            (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N &&
+              isMountedVolumeId(context, storageId)) || storageId.matches(SD_CARD_STORAGE_ID_REGEX)
           ) {
             val paths = storages[storageId] ?: HashSet()
             paths.add("/storage/$storageId/$rootFolder".trimEnd('/'))
diff --git a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/DocumentFileExt.kt b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/DocumentFileExt.kt
index 854ee18..4d627cd 100644
--- a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/DocumentFileExt.kt
+++ b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/DocumentFileExt.kt
@@ -2322,7 +2322,11 @@ private fun DocumentFile.tryMoveFolderByRenamingPath(
     }
 
     try {
-      if (!isRawFile && writableTargetParentFolder.isTreeDocumentFile) {
+      if (
+        Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N &&
+          !isRawFile &&
+          writableTargetParentFolder.isTreeDocumentFile
+      ) {
         val movedFileUri =
           parentFile?.uri?.let {
             DocumentsContract.moveDocument(
@@ -3287,7 +3291,8 @@ private fun DocumentFile.moveFileTo(
 
   try {
     if (
-      !isRawFile &&
+      Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N &&
+        !isRawFile &&
         writableTargetFolder.isTreeDocumentFile &&
         getStorageId(context) == targetStorageId
     ) {
diff --git a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/FileExt.kt b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/FileExt.kt
index db9e91e..49bd02f 100644
--- a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/FileExt.kt
+++ b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/FileExt.kt
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public fun File.child(path: String): File = File(this, path)
  * @see [Context.getFilesDir]
  */
 public val Context.dataDirectory: File
-  get() = dataDir
+  get() = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 23) dataDir else filesDir.parentFile!!
 
 public fun File.getBasePath(context: Context): String {
   val externalStoragePath = DocumentFileCompat.externalStoragePath
diff --git a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/StorageType.kt b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/StorageType.kt
index e4efd2c..906ba7f 100644
--- a/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/StorageType.kt
+++ b/storage/src/main/java/com/anggrayudi/storage/file/StorageType.kt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package com.anggrayudi.storage.file
 
 import android.content.Context
 import android.net.Uri
-import com.anggrayudi.storage.SimpleStorage
+import android.os.Build
 
 /**
  * Created on 17/08/20
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ public enum class StorageType {
       when {
         storageId == StorageId.PRIMARY -> EXTERNAL
         storageId == StorageId.DATA -> DATA
-        DocumentFileCompat.isMountedVolumeId(context, storageId) ||
+        (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N &&
+          DocumentFileCompat.isMountedVolumeId(context, storageId)) ||
           storageId.matches(DocumentFileCompat.SD_CARD_STORAGE_ID_REGEX) -> SD_CARD
         else -> UNKNOWN
       }