[CI] Update default platform versions in `.env`

[pitrou]

Describe the enhancement requested

We're currently defaulting to Debian 12 (oldstable), we should perhaps bump the default to 13 or even 14?

arrow/.env

Lines 52 to 57 in b85f20b

	# Default versions for platforms
	ALMALINUX=8
	ALPINE_LINUX=3.22
	DEBIAN=12
	FEDORA=42
	UBUNTU=22.04

This will affect jobs such as preview-docs.

Component(s)

Continuous Integration

[pitrou]

@kou What do you think?

[kou]

We should use the latest stable (13).