diff --git a/common/batch.py b/common/batch.py
index cfd0ac0..dea7aa4 100644
--- a/common/batch.py
+++ b/common/batch.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def batch_size(self) -> int:
       if not isinstance(tensor, torch.Tensor):
         continue
       return tensor.shape[0]
-    raise Exception("Could not determine batch size from tensors.")
+    raise RuntimeError("Could not determine batch size from tensors.")
 
 
 @dataclass
diff --git a/common/checkpointing/snapshot.py b/common/checkpointing/snapshot.py
index 2703efd..6b10059 100644
--- a/common/checkpointing/snapshot.py
+++ b/common/checkpointing/snapshot.py
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ def get_checkpoint(
   checkpoints = get_checkpoints(save_dir)
   if not checkpoints:
     if not missing_ok:
-      raise Exception(f"No checkpoints found at {save_dir}")
+      raise RuntimeError(f"No checkpoints found at {save_dir}")
     else:
       logging.info(f"No checkpoints found for restoration at {save_dir}.")
       return ""
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ def get_checkpoint(
       chosen_checkpoint = checkpoint
       break
   else:
-    raise Exception(f"Desired checkpoint at {global_step} not found in {save_dir}")
+    raise RuntimeError(f"Desired checkpoint at {global_step} not found in {save_dir}")
   return chosen_checkpoint
 
 
diff --git a/reader/dataset.py b/reader/dataset.py
index 6e811cc..96df85c 100644
--- a/reader/dataset.py
+++ b/reader/dataset.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def _validate_columns(self):
     columns = set(self._dataset_kwargs.get("columns", []))
     wrong_columns = set(columns) - set(self._schema.names)
     if wrong_columns:
-      raise Exception(f"Specified columns {list(wrong_columns)} not in schema.")
+      raise RuntimeError(f"Specified columns {list(wrong_columns)} not in schema.")
 
   def serve(self):
     self.reader = _Reader(location=self.LOCATION, ds=self)
diff --git a/reader/dds.py b/reader/dds.py
index 7b49893..a15927e 100644
--- a/reader/dds.py
+++ b/reader/dds.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def maybe_start_dataset_service():
     return
 
   if packaging.version.parse(tf.__version__) < packaging.version.parse("2.5"):
-    raise Exception(f"maybe_distribute_dataset requires TF >= 2.5; got {tf.__version__}")
+    raise RuntimeError(f"maybe_distribute_dataset requires TF >= 2.5; got {tf.__version__}")
 
   if env.is_dispatcher():
     logging.info(f"env.get_reader_port() = {env.get_reader_port()}")
diff --git a/reader/utils.py b/reader/utils.py
index fc0e34c..03aefe9 100644
--- a/reader/utils.py
+++ b/reader/utils.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def get_imputation_value(pa_type):
       pa.string(): pa.scalar("", type=pa.string()),
     }
     if pa_type not in type_map:
-      raise Exception(f"Imputation for type {pa_type} not supported.")
+      raise RuntimeError(f"Imputation for type {pa_type} not supported.")
     return type_map[pa_type]
 
   def _impute(array: pa.array) -> pa.array:
diff --git a/tools/pq.py b/tools/pq.py
index 24c6345..457a2fc 100644
--- a/tools/pq.py
+++ b/tools/pq.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def __iter__(self):
   def _head(self):
     total_read = self._num * self.bytes_per_row
     if total_read >= int(500e6):
-      raise Exception(
+      raise RuntimeError(
         "Sorry you're trying to read more than 500 MB " f"into memory ({total_read} bytes)."
       )
     return self._ds.head(self._num, columns=self._columns)
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def bytes_per_row(self) -> int:
     for t in self._ds.schema.types:
       try:
         nbits += t.bit_width
-      except:
+      except Exception:
         # Just estimate size if it is variable
         nbits += 8
     return nbits // 8