Clean up :: syntax, add effect declarations and raise expressions

[SpaceManiac]

Firstly, this adds effect declaration syntax, and raise.

However, the grammar, parsing, and typechecking for events in particular and for function calls in general was pretty messy, so also clean them up:

• A::B is no longer an enum constructor that might be followed by a unit, struct, or tuple variant, but a scoped name that might be a bare identifier, followed by a struct constructor, or followed by a function call.
• Patterns are also adjusted such that :: does not necessarily mean enum.
• The typechecker tracks nested namespaces and uses those when resolving A::B lookups.
• Events (and thus effects) are not in a separate zone, instead being part of the value zone with functions (Namespace::constants).
• Enum unit variants and tuple variants also go into the value zone, while struct variants go into the struct constructor zone.
• emit, raise, and runtime syntaxes now match each other and the call expression. To the typechecker, they are simply alternate forms of the call expression that make a different assertion about the function's keyword kind. To codegen, all four are equivalent.

Also, for codegen, functions types are optionally tagged with an identity, currently their name as a string, but it could be an integer ID in the future. This identity is used to make let bar = foo; bar(); work.

This is a net simplification of the grammar and of type inference.

Future work:

• Syntax for catching & resuming effects
• Codegen & plan for runtime support for catching & resuming effects
• Possible further inference data structure improvements (to avoid cloning heavyweight Types so much)

[SpaceManiac]

Current diff stat except *.snap and tree-sitter-starstream/src

 docs/errors/E0001.md                                                                           |    4 +-
 docs/errors/E0017.md                                                                           |    8 +-
 docs/errors/E0038.md                                                                           |   14 +-
 docs/errors/E0039.md                                                                           |   15 +-
 docs/errors/E0040.md                                                                           |   24 +-
 docs/errors/E0041.md                                                                           |   15 -
 docs/language-spec.md                                                                          |   64 ++--
 starstream-compiler/src/docs.rs                                                                |   31 +-
 starstream-compiler/src/formatter.rs                                                           |  234 ++++++--------
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/definition/abi.rs                                               |   38 ++-
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/postfix.rs                                           |   24 +-
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/primary/emit.rs                                      |   44 ---
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/primary/emit_raise_runtime.rs                        |   92 ++++++
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/primary/enum_constructor.rs                          |   53 ----
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/primary/literal.rs                                   |    4 -
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/primary/mod.rs                                       |   39 ++-
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/primary/raise.rs                                     |   29 --
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/primary/runtime.rs                                   |   29 --
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/expression/primary/{struct_literal.rs => struct_constructor.rs} |   14 +-
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/pattern.rs                                                      |   50 +--
 starstream-compiler/src/parser/primitives.rs                                                   |   32 +-
 starstream-compiler/src/typecheck/builtins.rs                                                  |   20 +-
 starstream-compiler/src/typecheck/env.rs                                                       |    4 +-
 starstream-compiler/src/typecheck/errors.rs                                                    |   81 +++--
 starstream-compiler/src/typecheck/exhaustiveness.rs                                            |  181 ++++++-----
 starstream-compiler/src/typecheck/infer.rs                                                     | 2388 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 starstream-compiler/src/typecheck/tests.rs                                                     |   11 -
 starstream-interpreter/src/lib.rs                                                              |   17 +-
 starstream-language-server/src/document.rs                                                     |  201 ++++++------
 starstream-to-wasm/src/lib.rs                                                                  |  443 ++++++++++++++------------
 starstream-to-wasm/tests/inputs/effect_raise.star                                              |    7 +
 starstream-types/src/ast.rs                                                                    |  168 ++++++----
 starstream-types/src/typed_ast.rs                                                              |  139 +++++----
 starstream-types/src/types.rs                                                                  |  117 ++++---
 tree-sitter-starstream/grammar.js                                                              |  189 ++++--------
 tree-sitter-starstream/queries/highlights.scm                                                  |   19 +-
 zed-starstream/languages/starstream/highlights.scm                                             |   19 +-
 37 files changed, 2176 insertions(+), 2685 deletions(-)