[FLINK-39687] [sql-gateway] Fix URI dependency conversion in SessionContext

[qiuyanjun888]

What is the purpose of the change

This pull request fixes SessionContext creation when the default SQL Gateway context contains dependency URIs. The previous code passed List<URI> elements to toArray(new URL[0]), which throws ArrayStoreException as soon as the dependency list is non-empty.

Brief change log

• Convert each dependency URI to a URL before creating the session user-code classloader.
• Add a SessionContextTest regression test that creates a session from a DefaultContext with a non-empty dependency list and verifies the dependency URL is available from the user-code classloader.

Verifying this change

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• ./mvnw -pl flink-table/flink-sql-gateway -Dtest=SessionContextTest#testCreateContextWithDependencies -DfailIfNoTests=false -Dsurefire.failIfNoSpecifiedTests=false -Dfast test
• ./mvnw -pl flink-table/flink-sql-gateway -Dtest=SessionContextTest -Dfast test
• ./mvnw -pl flink-table/flink-sql-gateway spotless:check checkstyle:check

I also verified that the new regression test fails against the previous production implementation with java.lang.ArrayStoreException: java.net.URI.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): no
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): no
• The serializers: no
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): no
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: no
• The S3 file system connector: no

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? no
• If yes, how is the feature documented? not applicable

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Was generative AI tooling used to co-author this PR?

• Yes (Hermes Agent / OpenAI GPT-5.5)

Generated-by: Hermes Agent / OpenAI GPT-5.5

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 70a206b Azure: SUCCESS

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[spuru9]

nit: a plain --jar foo.jar is a schemeless URI, so toURL() throws IllegalArgumentException, not MalformedURLException — dodges this catch. Add it?

Suggested change

	} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
	} catch (MalformedURLException | IllegalArgumentException e) {

[qiuyanjun888]

Fixed by catching IllegalArgumentException alongside MalformedURLException and wrapping it in SqlGatewayException; added a regression test for URI.create("foo.jar").

Verification: ./mvnw -pl flink-table/flink-sql-gateway -Dtest=SessionContextTest test -DfailIfNoTests=false passed, and git diff --check passed.