[timeseries] Added TimeSeriesBlock based exception propagation

[shauryachats]

Summary

This PR enhances the time series query execution framework to properly propagate and expose query exceptions instead of throwing them, enabling better error handling and reporting for both broker-compatible and Prometheus-compatible APIs.
This enables partial results with warnings instead of complete failures, as well as exceptions from leaf operators visible at the broker level.

The exceptions are encoded in the metadataMap passed alongside data, and stored in TimeSeriesBlock for upward propagation.

To support partial results for Prometheus-compatible API, this PR also introduces a warnings field (as specified in the Prometheus API reference) to expose these warnings correctly.

Testing

Added integration test testQueryWithServerException to verify exception handling for both response formats:

• Broker-compatible API: validates exceptions are properly returned with error codes.
• Prometheus-compatible API: validates warnings are included in success responses.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 18.86792% with 43 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 63.25%. Comparing base (6c87d2e) to head (3162d3f).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...runtime/timeseries/serde/TimeSeriesBlockSerde.java	18.18%	17 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
...ery/runtime/timeseries/LeafTimeSeriesOperator.java	0.00%	15 Missing ⚠️
...common/response/PinotBrokerTimeSeriesResponse.java	0.00%	9 Missing ⚠️
...va/org/apache/pinot/query/runtime/QueryRunner.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #17440      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     63.28%   63.25%   -0.04%     
  Complexity     1474     1474              
============================================
  Files          3161     3161              
  Lines        188588   188629      +41     
  Branches      28857    28864       +7     
============================================
- Hits         119351   119309      -42     
- Misses        59983    60067      +84     
+ Partials       9254     9253       -1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
custom-integration1	100.00% <ø> (ø)
integration	100.00% <ø> (ø)
integration1	100.00% <ø> (ø)
integration2	0.00% <ø> (ø)
java-11	63.22% <18.86%> (+7.66%)	⬆️
java-21	63.23% <18.86%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
temurin	63.25% <18.86%> (-0.04%)	⬇️
unittests	63.24% <18.86%> (-0.04%)	⬇️
unittests1	55.56% <18.86%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
unittests2	34.00% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

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