TypeScript: Allow constructing float16 tensors using Float16Array

[rockygeekz]

Fixes #26741

This change updates the TypeScript definitions to allow constructing float16 tensors using Float16Array in environments where it is available. Runtime behavior remains unchanged (float16 is still represented internally as Uint16Array).

• Introduces a GlobalFloat16Array helper type to safely detect Float16Array without requiring global polyfills.
• Adds type-specific and inferred constructor overloads for float16.
• No changes to runtime logic or public C APIs.

This resolves compile-time errors when passing Float16Array to the Tensor constructor in the onnxruntime-web package.

---

Description

This PR enhances the TypeScript typings for float16 tensors within the ONNX Runtime JavaScript API:

• Adds GlobalFloat16Array, a conditional utility type that resolves to the instance type of Float16Array only when available.
• Updates constructor definitions to accept either:
  • Uint16Array (existing behavior),
  • Float16Array (new behavior, when supported by the JS environment),
  • or readonly number[].
• Extends inferred-type constructors to support new Tensor(new Float16Array(...)).
• Ensures TypeScript consumers can pass Float16Array without encountering type errors.

Internally, ONNX Runtime continues to treat float16 data as Uint16Array, so runtime behavior is unchanged.

---

Motivation and Context

Modern JavaScript runtimes (browsers and Node versions) have begun introducing native Float16Array support. Developers using ONNX Runtime in TypeScript projects may attempt to construct float16 tensors using:

new Tensor(new Float16Array(784), [28, 28]);

[rockygeekz]

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree

[RReverser]

I think you could reuse the

onnxruntime/js/common/lib/type-helper.ts

Line 27 in 790018d

export type TryGetGlobalType<Name extends string, Fallback = unknown> = typeof globalThis extends {

helper instead of rolling custom check.

[rockygeekz]

Updated to use TryGetGlobalType for Float16Array.
Let me know if you'd like any further adjustments!

[RReverser]

I don't think it needs to be exported / part of the public API, just a local helper.

Suggested change

	export type GlobalFloat16Array = TryGetGlobalType<'Float16Array', never>;
	type GlobalFloat16Array = TryGetGlobalType<'Float16Array', never>;

[RReverser]

Actually, wouldn't it be easier to inline this helper into the DataTypeMap?

[rockygeekz]

Updated DataTypeMap.float16 to inline TryGetGlobalType<'Float16Array'> and map it to the instance type via prototype, so Float16Array instances are accepted where supported without changing runtime behavior.

[RReverser]

Thanks for working on this! Just to be clear, I'm not a maintainer on this repo, we'll need for one of them to review too.