chore: bump stripe-ios 26.2.0,stripe-android 23.11.1

[tjclawson-stripe]

• stripe-react-native.podspec: stripe_version → 26.2.0 (release notes)
• android/gradle.properties: StripeSdk_stripeVersion → 23.11.1 (release notes)

Automated by bump-native-sdks

[tjclawson-stripe]

CI is failing on this automated native SDK bump PR, so I prepared a Minion task to investigate and fix it.

Create Minion task

Failed checks:

• ci/bitrise/cf3f9f9d-0fa5-484a-a09b-5649a1512f6b/pr: FAILURE https://app.bitrise.io/app/cf3f9f9d-0fa5-484a-a09b-5649a1512f6b/pipelines/d1ab9e5d-193e-415b-b942-be412c6676be

[toluo-stripe]

CI fix: resolved Podfile.lock merge conflict

Root cause: Bitrise CI was failing with CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in example/ios/Podfile.lock. This automated bump PR was created before PR #2520 (manual iOS 26.2.0 update) was merged to master. Both PRs updated example/ios/Podfile.lock for stripe-ios 26.2.0, causing a conflict on a single React-Core-prebuilt checksum line.

Fix: Rebased the branch onto master. Since master already had the iOS 26.2.0 Podfile.lock from #2520, the Update podfile.lock commit was dropped (no-op) and the stripe-react-native.podspec iOS bump is also already present on master. The only remaining change is the Android SDK bump (StripeSdk_stripeVersion: 23.11.0 → 23.11.1).

Files changed after rebase:

• android/gradle.properties: StripeSdk_stripeVersion=23.11.1 (only remaining delta vs master)

Verification: Confirmed no JS/TS code changes; the change is a single Gradle property version bump.